1
'在tasks: 之前定义'
2
[root@m01 ~]# mkdir /home/ansible
3
[root@m01 ~]# cd /home/ansible/
4

5
1)单一变量
6
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
7
- hosts: web01
8
  gather_facts: no
9
  vars:
10
    - file1: /tmp/a.txt
11
  # 下面还有个tasks,别忘了
12
  tasks:
13
    - name: Create file /tmp/a.txt
14
      file:
15
        path: "{{ file1 }}"
16
        owner: www
17
        group: www
18
        mode: 0644
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        state: touch
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[root@m01 ansible]# ssh web01 "ls -lh /tmp/a.txt"
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-rw-r--r-- 1 www www 0 Apr  3 14:41 /tmp/a.txt
22
# 成功创建这个文件!
23

24
2)多个变量
25
# vars: 使用列表的方式
26
      file:
27
      '一次性创建多个路径文件'
28
        path:
29
          - "{{ file1 }}"
30
          - "{{ file2 }}"
31
        state: touch
32
❌️这种方式行不通!
33
'也就只有yum下载软件包的时候,name:可以这么分!'
34
✅️正确方式⬇️
35
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
36
- hosts: web01
37
  gather_facts: no
38
  vars:
39
    - file1: /tmp/a.txt
40
    - file2: /tmp/b.txt
41
  # 下面还有个tasks,别忘了
42
  tasks:
43
    - name: Create file /tmp/a.txt
44
      file:
45
        path: "{{ file1 }}"
46
        state: touch
47

48
    - name: Create file /tmp/b.txt
49
      file:
50
        path: "{{ file2 }}"
51
        state: touch
52
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check a.yml
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playbook: a.yml
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook  a.yml
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web01: ok=2    changed=2
56

57
3)是否加引号❓️
58
# 注意如果path参数中携带路径,则变量不需要加双引号
59
[root@m01 ansible]# cat a.yml
60
- hosts: web01
61
  gather_facts: no
62
  vars:
63
    - file1: c.txt
64
  tasks:
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    - name: Create file /tmp/a.txt
66
      file:
67
        path: /tmp/{{ file1 }}
68
        # 不需要加双引号
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        state: touch
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check a.yml
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playbook: a.yml
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[root@m01 ansible]# ssh web01 "ls /tmp/c.txt"
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ls: cannot access '/tmp/c.txt': No such file or directory
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook  a.yml
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[root@m01 ansible]# ssh web01 "ls /tmp/c.txt"
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/tmp/c.txt
77

78
4)一次安装多个软件
79
[root@m01 ansible]# cat a.yml
80
- hosts: web01
81
  gather_facts: no
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  vars:
83
    - pack1: wget
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    - pack2: lrzsz
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  tasks:
86
    - name: Install pack
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      yum:
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        name:
89
          - "{{pack1}}"
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          - "{{pack2}}"
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        state: present
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check a.yml
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playbook: a.yml
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
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'其实上面这个方法还是挺冗余的!'
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✅️一个变量赋多个值
97
# 这个简便!
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[root@m01 ansible]# cat a.yml
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- hosts: web01
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  gather_facts: no
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  vars:
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    pack:
103
      # 一个变量里面放多个值
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      - wget
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      - lrzsz
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  tasks:
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    - name: Install pack
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      yum:
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        name: "{{pack}}"
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        state: present
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check a.yml
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playbook: a.yml
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml

1
1)先在文件中定义变量
2
[root@m01 ansible]# vim vars1.yml
3
pk1: wget
4
pk2: tree
5

6
2)在剧本中调用变量文件
7
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
8
- hosts: web01
9
  gather_facts: no
10
  vars_files:
11
    # 这里是变量文件
12
    - vars1.yml
13
  tasks:
14
    - name: Install pack
15
      yum:
16
        name:
17
          - "{{pk1}}"
18
          - "{{pk2}}"
19
        state: present
20
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
21

22
3)调用多个变量文件
23
[root@m01 ansible]# vim vars2.yml
24
pk3: lrzsz
25
# 又一个变量文件
26
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
27
- hosts: web01
28
  gather_facts: no
29
  vars_files:
30
    - vars1.yml
31
    - vars2.yml
32
  tasks:
33
    - name: Install pack
34
      yum:
35
        name:
36
          - "{{pk1}}"
37
          - "{{pk2}}"
38
          - "{{pk3}}"
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        state: present
40
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml

1
1)主机清单中定义
2
[root@m01 ansible]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
3
[webs]
4
web0[1:2]
5

6
[webs:vars]
7
# 给webs组定义两个变量
8
pk1=wget
9
pk2=tree
10

11
2)调用变量
12
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
13
- hosts: webs
14
# 这里是webs
15
  gather_facts: no
16
  tasks:
17
    - name: Install pack
18
      yum:
19
        name:
20
          - "{{pk1}}"
21
          - "{{pk2}}"
22
        state: present
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[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
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web01  : ok=1
25
web02  : ok=1

1
1)在当前运行playbook的目录下'创建两个目录'
2
group_vars
3
# 在目录下面,创建组名称命名的文件
4
# ✅️然后在文件中直接定义变量
5
hosts_vars
6
# 创建主机命名的文件
7
======================================
8
[root@m01 ansible]# mkdir group_vars host_vars
9
[root@m01 ansible]# ls | egrep ".*_vars"
10
group_vars
11
host_vars
12

13
2)在group_vars下创建webs文件
14
# 以组名-->命名文件
15
[root@m01 ansible]# vim /etc/ansible/hosts
16
# 先把原来主机清单里面的变量删除了
17
[root@m01 ansible]# vim group_vars/webs
18
pk1: wget
19
pk2: tree
20
[root@m01 ansible]# cat a.yml
21
- hosts: webs
22
  gather_facts: no
23
  tasks:
24
    - name: Install pack
25
      yum:
26
        name:
27
          - "{{pk1}}"
28
          - "{{pk2}}"
29
        state: present
30
# 还是上面的配置文件!
31
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
32
ok: [web01]
33
ok: [web02]
34

35
3)对单台主机定义变量
36
[root@m01 ansible]# vim host_vars/db02
37
# 这里是db02
38
pk1: wget
39
pk2: tree
40
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
41
- hosts: db02
42
# 只有db02可以引用变量
43
# 下面还是一样的
44
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
45
db02   : ok=1
46

47
4)all
48
'all表示所有主机'--->主机清单里面的所有主机!
49
[root@m01 ansible]# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
50
db02
51

52
[webs]
53
web0[1:2]
54
'所有主机都开着!'
55
[root@m01 ansible]# vim host_vars/all
56
pk1: wget
57
pk2: tree
58
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
59
- hosts: all
60
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
61
ok: [db02]
62
ok: [web02]
63
ok: [web01]

1
1)层级定义变量
2
[root@m01 ansible]# vim vars1.yml
3
lnmp:
4
  nginx:
5
    pk1: wget
6
# 同样是两个空格,进行缩进!
7

8
2)引用文件、调用变量
9
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
10
- hosts: web01
11
  gather_facts: no
12
  vars_files: vars1.yml
13

14
  tasks:
15
    - name: Install pack
16
      yum:
17
        name:
18
          - "{{lnmp['nginx']['pk1']}}"
19
        state: present
20
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook   a.yml
21
ok: [web01]
22
'当然我们也可以使用点.'
23
    name:
24
      - "{{lnmp.nginx.pk1}}"
25
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook   a.yml
26
ok: [web01]
27

28
3)多个层级列表的方式
29
[root@m01 ansible]# vim vars1.yml
30
lnmp:
31
  nginx:
32
    pk1: wget
33
    pk2: tree
34
[root@m01 ansible]# vim a.yml
35
# 调用
36
    name:
37
      - "{{lnmp.nginx.pk1}}"
38
      - "{{lnmp['nginx']['pk2']}}"
39
# 一个用点.一个用方括号+引号
40
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook a.yml
41
ok: [web01]

1
[root@m01 ansible]# cd ~
2
[root@m01 ~]# ll
3
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root      410 Mar 30 15:17 rsyncd.conf
4
[root@m01 ~]# cp rsyncd.conf /home/ansible/
5
[root@m01 ~]# cd /home/ansible/
6
[root@m01 ansible]# ls rsyncd.conf
7
rsyncd.conf
8

9
1)配置文件更换成变量
10
# 配合template模块
11
[root@m01 ansible]# vim rsyncd.conf
12
uid = {{user}}
13
gid = {{user}}
14
port = {{port}}
15
log file =/var/log/rsyncd.log
16
....
17
############################
18
....
19
[data]
20
path = {{dir}}
21

22
'恢复快照,免密登录省略'
23
# 10.0.0.41
24
2)重新编辑剧本
25
# 这里选择在剧本中定义变量
26
[root@m01 ansible]# vim backup.yml
27
- hosts: backup
28
  gather_facts: no
29
  vars:
30
    - user: www
31
    - port: 873
32
    - dir: /data
33
  tasks:
34
    - name: Install rsync server
35
      yum:
36
        name: rsync
37
        state: present
38

39
    - name: Configure rsync file
40
      template:
41
        src: ./rsyncd.conf
42
        dest: /etc/
43

44
    - name: Create group "{{user}}"
45
      group:
46
        name: "{{user}}"
47
        gid: 888
48

49
    - name: Create user "{{user}}"
50
      user:
51
        name: "{{user}}"
52
        uid: 888
53
        group: "{{user}}"
54
        shell: /sbin/nologin
55
        create_home: false
56

57
    - name: Create dir "{{dir}}"
58
      file:
59
        path: "{{dir}}"
60
        state: directory
61
        owner: "{{user}}"
62
        group: "{{user}}"
63

64
    - name: Create dir /backup
65
      file:
66
        path: /backup
67
        state: directory
68
        owner: "{{user}}"
69
        group: "{{user}}"
70

71
    - name: Touch passwd file
72
      copy:
73
        content: "rsync_backup:123"
74
        dest: /etc/rsync.passwd
75
        mode: 0600
76

77
    - name: Touch log file
78
      file:
79
        path: /var/log/rsyncd.log
80
        state: touch
81
        owner: "{{user}}"
82
        group: "{{user}}"
83

84
    - name: Start rsyncd server
85
      systemd:
86
        name: rsyncd
87
        state: started
88
        enabled: yes
89
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check backup.yml
90
playbook: backup.yml
91
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook backup.yml
92
[WARNING]: Found variable using reserved name: port
93
# 这个变量port,系统也在用!
94
# 它是紫色的警告!但是也能跑,无伤大雅
95
backup  : ok=9    changed=8
96
'测试'
97
[root@m01 ansible]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::data
98
Password:
99
hosts
100
sent 225 bytes  received 43 bytes  76.57 bytes/sec
101
total size is 363  speedup is 1.35
102
[root@m01 ansible]# ssh backup "ls /data/"
103
hosts

1
'同样也是恢复快照!-->免密登录!'
2
1)配置文件中变量的修改
3
[root@m01 ansible]# vim exports
4
{{dir}} 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,all_squash,anonuid={{ id }},anongid={{ id }})
5

6
2)编写剧本
7
[root@m01 ansible]# vim nfs.yml
8
- hosts: nfs01
9
  gather_facts: no
10
  vars:
11
    - dir: /data/wp
12
    - id: 888
13
  tasks:
14
    - name: Install nfs server
15
      yum:
16
        name: nfs-utils
17
        state: present
18

19
    - name: Configure nfs file
20
      template:
21
        src: ./exports
22
        dest: /etc/
23

24
    - name: Create group www
25
      group:
26
        name: www
27
        gid: "{{id}}"
28

29
    - name: Create user www
30
      user:
31
        name: www
32
        uid: "{{id}}"
33
        group: www
34
        shell: /sbin/nologin
35
        create_home: false
36

37
    - name: Create dir {{dir}}
38
      file:
39
        path: "{{dir}}"
40
        state: directory
41
        owner: www
42
        group: www
43

44
    - name: Start NFS Server
45
      systemd:
46
        name: nfs
47
        state: started
48
        enabled: yes
49
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook --syntax-check nfs.yml
50
playbook: nfs.yml
51
[root@m01 ansible]# ansible-playbook nfs.yml